Ibhloko yokudambisa inokuqina okwaneleyo kwicala elithe nkqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-deformation encinci phantsi komthwalo omkhulu othe nkqo.Ibhloko yokuthomalalisa ine-elasticity ethile kwicala elithe tye, elinokuthi lilungele ukufuduka okuthe tyaba okubangelwa yi-braking force, ubushushu, i-concrete shrinkage, i-creep kunye nomthwalo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukujikeleza kwebhulorho.